Discussion Papers

Discussion Papers

No.134Weikl, J., Preference-Driven Contract Design: How Education Alters Risk, Patience, and Effort in Incentive Schemes, 01/2026
No.133Rieder, A., Schnabel, C. Beyond Collective Agreements: The Rise of the Wage Cushion in Germany, 09/2025
No.132Pyka, V., Pay Clauses in Public Procurement: The Wage Impact of Collective Bargaining Compliance Laws in Germany, 06/2025
No.131Schnabel, C., Unions and Employers’ Associations in Germany: A Survey of their Membership, Density and Bargaining Coverage, 01/2025
No.130Kohaut, S., Schnabel, C., The Demise of Works Councils in Germany, 05/2024
No.129Kovalenko, T., Schröpf, B., Patterns of regional firm mobility in Germany, 04/2024
No.128Pyka, V., Schnabel, C., Unionization of retired workers in Europe, 11/2023
No.127Wieser, L., Abraham, M., Schnabel, C., Niessen, C., Wolff, M., When are Employers interested in Electronic
Performance Monitoring? Results from a Factorial
Survey Experiment, 06/2023
No.126Kovalenko, T., Sauerbier, T., Schröpf, B., The fall and rebound of average establishment size in West Germany, 06/2023
No.125Bonaccolto-Töpfer, M., Schnabel, C., Is There a Union Wage Premium in Germany and Which Workers Benefit Most?, 01/2023
No.124Bucher, F., Scheu, L., Schröpf, B., Economic complexity and environmental pollution: Evidence from the former socialist transition countries, 03/2022
No.123Hirsch, B., Lentge, P., Schnabel, C., Uncovered workers in plants covered by collective bargaining: Who are they and how do they fare? 03/2022
No.122Prümer, S., Sector switching in Germany, 12/2021
No.121Fackler, D., Schnabel, C., Stegmaier, J., Personnel adjustments during the Covid-19 pandemic: Did co-determination make a difference?, 11/2021
No.120Schröpf, B., The dynamics of wage dispersion between firms: the role of firm entry and exit, 11/2021
No.119Kovalenko, T., Uncertainty shocks and employment fluctuations in Germany: the role of establishment size, 08/2021
No.118Genz, S., Schnabel, C., Digging into the Digital Divide: Workers’ Exposure to Digitalization and its Consequences for Individual Employment, 05/2021
No.117Bonaccolto-Töpfer, M., Castagnetti, C., The COVID-19 pandemic: A threat to higher education?, 04/2021
No.116Bonaccolto-Töpfer, M., Castagnetti, C., Prümer, S., Does it Pay to Go Public? Understanding the Public-Private Sector Wage Gap in Germany, 03/2021
No.115Kovalenko, T., Töpfer, M., Cyclical dynamics and the gender pay gap: A structural VAR approach, 03/2021
No.114Oberfichtner, M., Schnabel, C., Töpfer, M., Do Unions and Works Councils really dampen the Gender Pay Gap? Discordant Evidence from Germany, 08/2020
No.113Schnabel, C., Union Membership and Collective Bargaining: Trends and Determinants, 07/2020
No.112Fackler, D., Hölscher, L., Schnabel, C., Weyh, A., Does working at a start-up pay off?, 03/2020
No.111Briel, S., Töpfer, M., The Gender Pay Gap Revisited: Does Machine Learning offer New Insights?, 01/2020
No.110Kölling, A., Schnabel, C., Owners, external managers, and industrial relations in German establishments, 11/2019
No.109Hinz, T., Lechmann, D.S.J., The role of job satisfaction and local labor market conditions for the dissolution of worker-job matches, 07/2019
No.108Prümer, S., Schnabel, C., Questioning the stereotype of the “malingering bureaucrat”: Absence from work in the public and private sector in Germany, 05/2019
No.107Prümer, S., Ist der Staat der bessere Arbeitgeber? Arbeitsqualität im Öffentlichen und Privaten Sektor in Deutschland, 05/2019
No.106Bossler, M., Oberfichtner, M., Schnabel, C., Employment adjustments following rises and reductions in minimum wages: New insights from a survey experiment, 08/2018
No.105Töpfer, M., The Age Pay Gap and Labor Market Heterogeneity: A New Empirical Approach Using Data for Italy, 07/2018
No.104Fackler, D., Fuchs, M., Hölscher, L., Schnabel, C., Do startups provide employment opportunities for disadvantaged workers?, 06/2018
No.103Castagnetti, C., Rosti, L., Töpfer, M., Discriminate Me – if You Can! The Disappearance of the Gender Pay Gap among Public-Contest Selected Employees, 02/2018
No.102Oberfichtner, M., Schnabel, C., The German Model of Industrial Relations: (Where) Does it still Exist?, 10/2017
No.101Lechmann, D.S.J., Estimating labor supply in self-employment: pitfalls and resolutions, 09/2017
No.100Kuehnle, D., Oberfichtner, M., Does early child care attendance influence children’s cognitive and non-cognitive skill development?, 03/2017
No.99Hinz, T., Personnel policy adjustments when apprentice positions are unfilled: Evidence from German establishment data, 09/2016
No.98Lechmann, D.S.J., Wunder, C., The dynamics of solo self-employment: persistence and transition to employership, 05/2016
No.97Hirsch, B., Jahn, E.J., Oberfichtner, M., The urban wage premium in imperfect labour markets, 01/2016
No.96Hirsch, B., Lechmann, D.S.J., Schnabel, C., Coming to work while sick: An economic theory of presenteeism with an application to German data, 04/2015
No.95Schnabel, C., United, yet apart? A note on persistent labour market differences between western and eastern Germany, 03/2015
No.94Hirsch, B., Oberfichtner, M., Schnabel, C., The levelling effect of product market competition on gender wage discrimination, 07/2014
No.93Konietzko, T., Der Einfluss von Arbeitslosigkeit der Ehemänner auf die Zeitallokation von Paaren, 07/2014
No.92Hirsch, B., Merkl, C., Mueller, S., Schnabel, C., Centralized vs. Decentralized Wage Formation: The Role of Firms‘ Production Technology, 06/2014
No.91Bossler, M., Oberfichtner, M., The employment effect of deregulating shopping hours: Evidence from German retailing, 02/2014
No.90Fackler, D., Establishment survival in East and West Germany: A comparative analysis, 01/2014
No.89Hirsch, B., Jahn, E. J., Schnabel, C., The cyclical behaviour of employers‘ monopsony power and workers‘ wages, 12/2013
No.88Hirsch, B., Zwick T., How selective are real wage cuts? A micro-analysis using linked employer-employee data, 10/2013
No.87Lechmann, D.S.J., Schnabel, C., Absence from work of the self-employed: A comparison with paid employees, 11/2013
No.86Lechmann, D.S.J., Can working conditions explain the return-to-entrepreneurship puzzle?, 10/2013
No.85Brenzel, H., Gartner, H., Schnabel, C., Wage posting or wage bargaining? Evidence from the employers’ side, 09/2013
No.84Fackler, D., Schnabel, C., Survival of spinoffs and other startups: First evidence for the private sector in Germany, 1976-2008, 08/2013
No.83Oberfichtner, M., Works council introductions: Do they reflect workers‘ voice?, 05/2013
No.82Fackler, D., Schnabel, C., Wagner, J., Lingering illness or sudden death? Pre-exit employment developments in German establishments, 12/2012
No.81Schnabel, C., Union membership and density: Some (not so) stylized facts and challenges, 08/2012
No.80Jung, S., Employment Adjustment in German Firms, 08/2012
No.79Hirsch, B., Jahn, E.J., Is there monopsonistic discrimination against immigrants? First evidence from linked employer-employee data, 08/2012
No.78Konietzko, T.,  Self-employed individuals, time use, and earnings, 08/2012
No.77Lechmann, D.S.J., Schnabel, C., What explains the gender earnings gap in self-employment? A decomposition analysis with German data, 03/2012
No.76Fackler, D., Schnabel, C., Wagner J., Establishment exits in Germany: the role of size and age, 02/2012
No.75Lechmann, D.S.J., Schnabel, C., Are the self-employed really jacks-of-all-trades? Testing the assumptions and implications of Lazear’s theory of entrepreneurship with German data, 11/2011
No.74Hirsch, B., Konietzko, T., The Effect of Housework on Wages in Germany: No Impact at All, 11/2011
No.73Hirsch, B., Schnabel, C., Let’s Take Bargaining Models Seriously: The Decline in Union Power in Germany, 1992 – 2009, 07/2011
No.72Hirsch, B., Mueller, S., Firm Leadership and the Gender Pay Gap: Do Active Owners Discriminate more than Hired Managers?, 12/2010
No.71Hoffmann, S., Schulabbrecher in Deutschland – eine bildungsstatistische Analyse mit aggregierten und Individualdaten, 11/2010
No.70Gartner, H., Schank, T., Schnabel, C., Wage cyclicality under different regimes of industrial relations, 10/2010
No.69Hirsch, B., Schnabel, C., Women Move Differently: Job Separations and Gender, 08/2010
No.68Hirsch, B., Mueller, S.,Temporary Agency Work and the User Firm’s Productivity: First Evidence from German Panel Data, 07/2010
No.67List, J., Schnabel, C., Klaus, A., Erfolg und Misserfolg bei der Ausbildungsplatzsuche: Eine empirische Untersuchung von Hauptschülern im Landkreis Nürnberger Land, 05/2010
No.66Mosthaf, A., Schnabel, C., Stephani, J., Low-wage careers: Are there dead-end firms and dead-end jobs?, 01/2010
No.65Mosthaf, A., Schank, T., Schnabel, C., Low-wage employment versus unemployment: Which one provides better prospects for women?, 12/2009
No.64Blien, U., Dauth, W., Schank, T., Schnabel, C., The institutional context of an „empirical law“: The wage curve under different regimes of collective bargaining, 10/2009
No.63Jung, S., Schnabel, C., Paying more than necessary? The wage cushion in Germany, 07/2009
No.62Hirsch, B., Schank, T., Schnabel, C., Work Councils and Separations: Voice, Monopoly, and Insurance Effects, 04/2009
No.61Addison, J.T., Schnabel, C., Worker Directors: A German Product that Didn’t Export?, 01/2009
No.60Schnabel, C., Wagner, J., The Aging of the Unions in West Germany, 1980 – 2006, 08/2008
No.59Moritz, M., Spatial Effects of Open Borders on the Czech Labour Market, 08/2008
No.58Gerner, H.D., Stegmaier, J., Unsicherheit und betriebliche Weiterbildung – Eine empirische Analyse der Weiterbildungsaktivität unter Unsicherheit in KMU und Großbetrieben, 07/2008
No.57Schank, T., Schnabel, C., Stephani, J., Geringverdiener: Wem und wie gelingt der Aufstieg?, 04/2008
No.56Brixy, U., Kohaut, S., Schnabel C., Employment Stability of Entrants in Newly Founded Firms: A Matching Approach Using Linked Employer-Employee Data from Germany, 02/2008
No.55Schank, T., Schnabel, C., Wagner, J., Higher Wages in Exporting Firms: Self-selection, Export Effect, or Both? First Evidence from German Linked Employer-Employee Data, 01/2008
No.54Wagner, J., Koller, L., Schnabel, C., Sind mittelständische Betriebe der Jobmotor der deutschen Wirtschaft?, 12/2007
No.53Koller, L., Schnabel, C., Wagner, J., Freistellung von Betriebsräten – Eine Beschäftigungsbremse?, 11/2007
No.52Schnabel, C., Arbeitnehmervertretungen im öffentlichen Sektor: Bedeutung und (potenzielle) Effizienzwirkungen, 08/2007
No.51Hirsch, B., Joan Robinson Meets Harold Hotelling: A Dyopsonistic Explanation of the Gender Pay Gap, 06/2007
No.50Andrews, M., Bellmann, L., Schank, T., Upward, R., The Takeover and Selection Effects of Foreign Ownership in Germany: An Analysis Using Linked Worker-Firm Data, 02/2007
No.49Koller, L., Schnabel, C., Wagner, J., Schwellenwerte im Arbeitsrecht: Höhere Transparenz und Effizienz durch Vereinheitlichung, 02/2007
No.48Gröger, M., Moritz, M., The German-Czech Border Region after the Fall of the Iron Curtain: Effects on the Labour Market, 12/2006
No.47Hirsch, B., Schank, T., Schnabel, C., Gender Differences in Labor Supply to Monopsonistic Firms: An Empirical Analysis Using Linked Employer-Employee Data from Germany, 11/2006
No.46Oberst, M., Schank, T., Schnabel, C., Interne Arbeitsmärkte und Einsatz temporärer Arbeitsverhältnisse: Eine Fallstudie mit Daten eines deutschen Dienstleistungsunternehmens, 11/2006
No.45Schnabel, C., Wagner, J., The persistent decline in unionization in western and eastern Germany; 1980-2004: What can we learn from a decomposition analysis?, 10/2006
No.44Antoni, M., Jahn, E.J., Do changes in regulation affect employment duration in temporary work agencies?, 10/2006
No.43Jahn, E.J., Wagner, T., Base Period, Qualifying Period and the Equilibrium Rate of Unemployment, 06/2006
No.42Andrews, M.J., Gill, L., Schank, T., Upward, R., High wage workers and low wage firms: negative assortative matching or statistical artifact?, 06/2006
No.41Kohaut, S., Schnabel, C., Tarifliche Öffnungsklauseln: Verbreitung, Inanspruchnahme und Bedeutung, 05/2006
No.40Koller, L., Arbeitsrechtliche Schwellenwerte – Regelungen an der Schwelle zur Unüberschaubarkeit, 12/2005
No.39Heckmann, M., Schnabel, C., Überleben und Beschäftigungsentwicklung neu gegründeter Betriebe, 12/2005
No.38Koller, L., Schnabel, C., Wagner, J., Arbeitsrechtliche Schwellenwerte und betriebliche Arbeitsplatzdynamik: Eine empirische Untersuchung am Beispiel des Schwerbehindertengesetzes, 08/2005
No.37Schnabel, C., Wagner, J., Who are the workers who never joined a union? Empirical evidence from Germany, 07/2005
No.36Niederalt, M., Bestimmungsgründe des betrieblichen Ausbildungsverhaltens in Deutschland, 06/2005
No.35Lutz, R., Determinanten betrieblicher Zusatzleistungen, 05/2005
No.34Schnabel, C., Gewerkschaften und Arbeitgeberverbände: Organisationsgrade, Tarifbindung und Einflüsse auf Löhne und Beschäftigung, 05/2005
No.33Lutz, R., Produktivitätseffekte betrieblicher Zusatzleistungen, 04/2005
No.32Addison, J.T., Schank, T., Schnabel, C., Wagner, J., Do Works Councils Inhibit Investment?, 01/2005
No.31Schnabel, C., Wagner, J., Determinants of Union Membership in 18 EU Countries: Evidence from Micro Data, 2002/03, 01/2005
No.30Brixy, U., Kohaut, S., Schnabel, C., How fast do newly founded firms mature? Empirical analyses on job quality in start-ups, 11/2004
No.29Andrews, M.J., Schank, T., Upward, R., Practical estimation methods for linked employer-employee data (revised version), 06/2005 [first version 09/2004]
No.28Brixy, U., Kohaut, S., Schnabel, C., Do newly founded firms pay lower wages? First evidence from Germany, 7/2004
No.27Schank, T., Schnabel, C., Wagner, J., Exporting firms do not pay higher wages, ceteris paribus. First evidence from linked employer-employee data, 6/2004
No.26List, J., Schnabel, C., Bildungsstagnation bei abnehmender Erwerbsbevölkerung – Bildungspolitische Herausforderungen durch Geringqualifizierte, 5/2004
No.25Andrews, M.J., Schank, T., Simmons, R., Does Worksharing Work? Some Empirical Evidence from the IAB Panel, 5/2004
No.24Schank, T., Schnabel, C., Betriebliche Determinanten des Überstundeneinsatzes, 2/2004
No.23Kohaut, S., Schnabel, C., Verbreitung, Ausmaß und Determinanten der übertariflichen Entlohnung, 12/2003
No.22Addison, J.T., Schnabel, C., Wagner, J., The Course of Research into the Economic Consequences of German Works Councils, 11/2003
No.21Addison, J.T., Schank, T., Schnabel, C., Wagner, J., German Works Councils in the Production Process, 7/2003
No.20Niederalt, M., Betriebliche Ausbildung als kollektives Phänomen, 5/2003
No.19Haltiwanger, J., Jarmin, R., Schank. T., Productivity, Investment in ICT and Market Experimentation: Micro Evidence from Germany and the U.S, 3/2003
No.18Schnabel, C., Wagner, J., Trade Union Membership in Eastern and Western Germany: Convergence or Divergence?, 1/2003
No.17Zagelmeyer, S., Die Entwicklung kollektiver Verhandlungen in Großbritannien: Ein historischer Überblick, 1/2003
No.16Addison, J.T., Bellmann, L., Schnabel, C., Wagner,J., The Reform of the German Works Constitution Act: A Critical Assessment,12/2002
No.15Schnabel, C., Determinants of Trade Union Membership, 10/2002
No.14Kölling, A., Schank, T., Skill-Biased Technological Change, International Trade and the Wage Structure, 9/2002
No.13Kölling, A., Schnabel, C., Wagner, J.: Establishment Age and Wages: Evidence from German Linked Employer-Employee Data, 6/2002
No.12Goerke, L., Schnabel, C.: On Strike Insurance, 6/2002
No.11Jahn, E.J., Wagner, T: A Hiring Subsidy for Long-Term Unemployed in a Search Model with PES and Random Search, 5/2002
No.10Addison, J.T., Bellmann, L., Schnabel, C., Wagner, J.: German Works Councils Old and New: Incidence, Coverage and Determinants, 5/2002
No.9Jahn, E.J.: Brauchen wir einen allgemeinen Kündigungsschutz?, 2/2002
No.8Kohaut, S., Schnabel, C.: Tarifverträge – nein danke!? Einflussfaktoren der Tarifbindung west- und ostdeutscher Betriebe, 12/2001
No.7Niederalt, M., Schnabel, C., Kaiser, C.: Betriebliches Ausbildungsverhalten zwischen Kosten-Nutzen-Kalkül und gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung, 11/2001
No.6Jahn, E., Wagner, T.: Labour’s Law?, 6/2001
No.5Schnabel, C., Wagner, J.: Verbreitung und Bestimmungsgründe verschiedener Formen der Arbeitnehmerpartizipation in Industriebetrieben, 6/2001
No.4Kölling, A., Schnabel, C., Wagner, J.: Bremst das Schwerbehindertengesetz die Arbeitsplatzdynamik in Kleinbetrieben?, 1/2001
No.3Wegener, T.: Institutionelle Aspekte der Regionalisierung von Wirtschafts- und Strukturpolitik, 9/2000
No.2Jahn, E., Wagner, T.: Substitution and Crowding-Out Effects of Active Labour Market Policy, 6/2000
No.1Addison, J.T., Schnabel, C., Wagner, J.: Die mitbestimmungsfreie Zone aus ökonomischer Sicht, 5/2000